xue

Свидетельства (Analects, Legge)

[1.1] 學而時習之，不亦說乎？

Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?

[2.15] 學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

[15.30] 終日不食，終夜不寢，以思，無益，不如學也。

I have been the whole day without eating, and the whole night without sleeping:-- occupied with thinking. It was of no use. The better plan is to learn.

[7.8] 不憤不啟，不悱不發。

I do not open up the truth to one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one, and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson.

[17.2] 性相近也，習相遠也。

By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.

[17.8] 好仁不好學，其蔽也愚。

There is the love of being benevolent without the love of learning;-- the beclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity.

[2.11] 溫故而知新，可以為師矣。

If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.

[7.20] 三人行，必有我師焉。

When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.

Связи

• zhi — знание рождается из связки учения и мысли [2.15]; честность о границах знания [2.17].
• ren, yong, xin — без учения каждое из этих качеств вырождается [17.8].
• junzi — благородство — результат практики, не природы [17.2].
• dao — учение — способ идти по Пути; учитель есть в любых двух спутниках [7.20].

Осторожно

• Учение у Конфуция — усвоение образца и практика (習 — «упражняться»), не «инновация»; но и не зубрёжка: без мысли — «labour lost» [2.15].
• Педагогика «одного угла» [7.8]: Конфуций отказывает пассивному ученику — не превращать его в проповедника для всех.