pravlenie
Позиции Конфуция: власть и управление.
Править — значит выправлять, начиная с себя.
Когда собственное поведение правителя прямо, всё идёт без приказов; когда криво — приказам не подчинятся.
[12.17] 政者，正也。
To govern means to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare not to be correct?
[13.6] 其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從。
When a prince's personal conduct is correct, his government is effective without the issuing of orders. If his personal conduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be followed.
Пример выше приказа, добродетель выше казни.
Законы и наказания дают увёртливость без стыда; добродетель и ритуал — стыд и исправление. «Зачем вам вообще убивать?» — ветер de клонит траву.
[2.3] 道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥。
If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
[12.19] 子為政，焉用殺？
Sir, in carrying on your government, why should you use killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be good.
[2.1] 為政以德，譬如北辰。
He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.
Первым делом выправь имена.
Роли и слова должны отвечать вещам: иначе рушится цепь от речи до наказаний, и народу некуда поставить руку и ногу.
[13.3] 必也正名乎！
What is necessary is to rectify names.
[12.11] 君君，臣臣，父父，子子。
There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son.
Доверие народа — последнее, что можно отдать.
Оружие — первым, еда — вторым; без доверия государство не стоит вовсе.
[12.7] 民無信不立。
but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.
Возвышай прямых — кривые выпрямятся.
Кадровый принцип: подбор людей — главный инструмент морального климата.
[2.19] 舉直錯諸枉，則民服。
Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit.
[12.22] 舉直錯諸枉，能使枉者直。
Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked;-- in this way the crooked can be made to be upright.
Хорошее правление узнаётся по притяжению.
Ближние рады, дальние приходят сами — вот и вся метрика.
[13.16] 近者說，遠者來。
Good government obtains, when those who are near are made happy, and those who are far off are attracted.